NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC)
Globally, lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. According to the American Cancer Society, NSCLC is responsible for 80% to 85% of all lung cancers. An estimated 2% to 3% of individuals with NSCLC will have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations, which are a group of mutations on a protein that result in rapid cell proliferation and ensuing cancer spread. EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations are the third most prevalent type of EGFR mutation (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2021).
AMIVANTAMAB-VMJW (RYBREVANT)
Amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) is a low-fucose human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1–based bispecific antibody that binds the extracellular domains of EGFR and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). In in vitro and in vivo studies, amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) was able to disrupt EGFR and MET signaling functions through blocking ligand binding and, in exon 20 insertion mutation models, degradation of EGFR and MET. Tumor cells with EGFR and MET on their surface are targeted for destruction by immune effector cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and trogocytosis mechanisms. Amivantamab-vmjw is produced by mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary [CHO] using recombinant DNA technology (Janssen Biotech Inc., 2021a).
PEER-REVIEWED LITERATURE
SUMMARY
The phase I CHRYSALIS study consisted of a multicenter, open-label, multicohort clinical trial that included individuals with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease had progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) was administered as an intravenous infusion at 1050 mg (for individual baseline body weight <80 kg) or 1400 mg (for individual baseline body weight ≥80 kg) once weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks thereafter until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The efficacy of amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) was evaluated in a population of 81 individuals with NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation with measurable disease who received prior platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary efficacy outcome measure was overall response rate (ORR) with an additional efficacy outcome measure as duration of response (DOR). The confirmed ORR was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%–51%), with 3.7% achieving complete responses (CRs) and 36% having partial responses (PR). The median DOR was 11.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 months to not estimable) with 63% of individuals having a DOR of 6 months or more (Janssen Biotech Inc., 2021a).
The safety and efficacy was evaluated in the phase III PAPILLON trial (Zhou et al.), which included 308 participants with advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) ≤1, and adequate organ and bone marrow function. Study participants were randomly assigned to receive amivantamab with carboplatin and pemetrexed (n=153) or carboplatin and pemetrexed (n=155). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in PFS for participants treated with amivantamab with carboplatin and pemetrexed compared with those who received carboplatin and pemetrexed (hazard ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.30–0.53]; P<0.0001). Median PFS was 11.4 months (95% CI, 9.8–13.7) and 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.6–7.3) in the respective arms. The ORRs were 67% (95% CI, 59–75) for the amivantamab with carboplatin and pemetrexed group (4% CR, 63% PR) and 36% (95% CI, 29–44) for the carboplatin and pemetrexed group (1% CR, 36% PR). Median DOR was 10.1 months (95% CI, 8.5–13.9) and 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.4–6.9) in the respective arms.
The efficacy of amivantamab-vmjw
(Rybrevant) in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed was evaluated
in MARIPOSA-2 (NCT04988295), a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial.
Eligible participants were required to have locally advanced or metastatic
NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations and
progressive disease on or after receiving osimertinib (Tagrisso). Participants with
asymptomatic or previously treated and stable intracranial metastases were
eligible to enroll. Participants were randomly assigned (1:2:2) to receive amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) in
combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed (N=131), carboplatin
and pemetrexed (N=263) or part of another combination regimen. The trial demonstrated a statistically
significant improvement in PFS by Blinded Independent Central Review for RYBREVANT in combination with
carboplatin and pemetrexed compared to carboplatin and pemetrexed. At the
prespecified second interim analysis of OS, with 85% of the deaths needed for
the final analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in OS.
The median OS was 17.7 months (95% CI,16.0–22.4) in the amivantamab with carboplatin and pemetrexed arm and 15.3
months (95% CI, 13.7–16.8) in the carboplatin and pemetrexed arm, with a hazard ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54–0.99).
The efficacy of amivantamab-vmjw
(Rybrevant) was evaluated in MARIPOSA [NCT04487080], a randomized,
active-controlled, multicenter trial. The study conducted was in combination with lazertinib (Lazcluze) as first-line therapy for NSCLC with
EGFR mutations, specifically exon 19
deletions (ex19del) or L858R substitution mutations. The chemotherapy-free combination regimen of amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) and lazertinib (Lazcluze) met the secondary endpoint of OS, demonstrating
a statistically significant improvement (reduced the risk of progression or
death by 30%) over osimertinib (Tagrisso) monotherapy, the current standard of
care. These findings build on earlier positive results for PFS and interim OS analysis for amivantamab-vmjw (Rybrevant) in combination with lazertinib (Lazcluze) for EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
OFF-LABEL INDICATIONS
There may be additional indications
contained in the Policy section of this document due to the evaluation of
criteria highlighted in the Company's off-label policy, and/or review of
clinical guidelines issues by leading professional organizations and government
entities.