MIRIKIZUMAB-MRKZ (OMVOH)
Mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) is an immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that is an interleukin (IL)-23 blocker. IL-23 is involved in mucosal inflammation. By blocking IL-23, the treatment can inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and thus ameliorate intestinal inflammation.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label, the recommended dosage of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) for the treatment of
ulcerative colitis (UC) is 300 mg administered by intravenous (IV) infusion at weeks 0, 4, and 8 for induction therapy. The recommended maintenance dosage is 200 mg administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection (administered as two consecutive injections of 100 mg each) at week 12, then every 4 weeks thereafter.
According
to the FDA label, the recommended dosage of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) for the
treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) is 900 mg administered by IV infusion at
weeks 0, 4, and 8 for induction therapy. The recommended maintenance dosage is
300 mg administered by SC injection (administered as two consecutive injections
of 100 mg and 200 mg in any order) at week 12 and every 4 weeks thereafter.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
UC is a chronic disease. UC is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is characterized by inflammation and ulcerations of the colon and rectum resulting in the symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased stool frequency, increased stool urgency, and rectal bleeding. Outside of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, symptoms can include eye conditions (redness, irritation), mouth ulcerations, skin conditions (redness, swelling, rashes), and joint conditions (pain, swelling). UC may have a slow onset and worsen over the course of weeks to months, or it may start suddenly. Individuals with UC may experience periods of remission, lasting weeks to years, where the symptoms improve, or they may have periods of mild, moderate, or severe disease activity. Approximately 600,000 to 900,000 individuals in the United States currently have UC. UC is more common in individuals between the ages of 15 and 30 who have a first-degree relative with IBD. Complications of UC can include anemia, dehydration, osteopenia/osteoporosis, delayed growth and development in children, increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), intestinal perforation, and fulminant UC or toxic megacolon. There is no cure for UC, so the goal of therapy is the treatment of symptoms and disease remission. Treatment may include medications with or without surgery.
Commonly used medications for the treatment of UC include oral/topical aminosalicylates (e.g., balsalazide, mesalamine, sulfasalazine), oral/topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine [6-MP], azathioprine), sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators (e.g., ozanimod, etrasimod), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (e.g., tofacitinib, upadacitinib), and biologics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF] blockers [e.g., infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, natalizumab], integrin receptor blockers [vedolizumab], IL-12 and IL-23 blockers [ustekinumab]).
CLINICAL TRIALS
LUCENT-1
The safety and efficacy of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh), used for induction therapy for individuals
with UC, was evaluated in a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT03518086). A total of 1281 individuals with moderate to severely active UC who had an inadequate response to, loss of response, or intolerance to conventional or biologic therapy for UC were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) or placebo. The individuals received treatment at weeks 0, 4, and 8. The primary endpoint was percentage of individuals who achieved clinical remission (defined as achieving a modified Mayo score [MMS] subscore for rectal bleeding of 0, stool frequency of 0 or 1 with 1 point or greater decrease from baseline, and endoscopy of 0 or 1 [excluding friability]) at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included percentage of individuals with a clinical response at 12 weeks, percentage of individuals with endoscopic remission at 12 weeks, percentage of individuals with histologic remission at 12 weeks, and percentage of individuals with endoscopic response at 12 weeks.
In the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, 868 individuals received mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) and 294 individuals received placebo. At week 12, 24.2% of the treatment group versus 13.3% of the placebo group achieved clinical remission (99.875% confidence interval [CI], 3.2–19.1; P<0.001). At week 12, 63.5% of the treatment group versus 42.2% of the placebo group experienced a clinical response (99.875% CI, 10.8–32; P<0.001). At week 12, 36.3% of the treatment group versus 21.1% of the placebo group demonstrated endoscopic remission (99.875% CI, 6.3–24.5; P<0.001). At the end of 12 weeks, 27.1% of the treatment group versus 13.9% of the placebo group demonstrated histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement (99.875% CI, 5.5–21.4; P<0.001).
LUCENT-2
The safety and efficacy of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh), used for maintenance therapy for individuals
with UC, was evaluated in a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT03524092). Individuals who had a clinical response to treatment with mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) by week 12 in LUCENT-1 were randomly assigned again in a 2:1 ratio to receive maintenance therapy with either mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) or placebo, both administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 40 weeks. The primary endpoint was percentage of individuals who achieved clinical remission at week 40. Secondary endpoints included percentage of individuals who achieved a glucocorticoid-free clinical remission, the percentage of individuals who maintained clinical remission, percentage of individuals who demonstrated endoscopic remission at week 40, and percentage of individuals with histologic remission at 40 weeks.
A total of 365 individuals received mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) and 179 individuals received placebo. At week 40, 49.9% of the treatment group versus 25.1% of the placebo group achieved clinical remission (95% CI, 15.2–31.2; P<0.001). At week 40, 44.9% of the treatment group and 21.8% of the placebo group had achieved a glucocorticoid-free clinical remission (95% CI, 13.5–29.1; P<0.001). At week 40, 63.6% of the treatment group and 36.9% of the placebo group maintained clinical remission (95% CI, 10.4–39.2; P<0.001). At week 40, 58.6% of the treatment group and 29.1% of the placebo group demonstrated endoscopic remission (95% CI, 20.2–36.8; P<0.001). At week 40, 43.3% of the treatment group and 21.8% of the placebo group demonstrated histologic-endoscopic mucosal remission (95% CI, 12.1–27.6; P<0.001).
LUCENT-3
The long-term safety and efficacy of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) therapy for individuals
with UC is being evaluated in an ongoing phase III, multicenter, open-label extension study (NCT03519945). Individuals from LUCENT-1 or LUCENT-2 are able to enroll in this long-term (160 weeks) study. The primary endpoint is percentage of individuals who achieve clinical remission at week 52. Secondary endpoints include percentage of individuals who achieve endoscopic remission at week 52, percentage of individuals who achieve corticosteroid-free remission at week 52, percentage of individuals who achieve histologic-endoscopic mucosal remission at week 52, and percentage of individuals who undergo UC surgeries (including colectomy) by week 160.
CROHN’S DISEASE
CD is a
chronic type of IBD. It is characterized by transmural
inflammation in the digestive tract, anywhere from the mouth to anus, but most
commonly in the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. CD is
a relapsing and remitting disease. Individuals may experience flares, when
symptoms are present, followed by periods of remission, lasting weeks to years,
where the symptoms disappear. The symptoms usually start slowly and can get
worse over time. Common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping,
gastrointestinal bleeding with associated anemia, and weight loss. Outside of
the GI tract, symptoms can include joint pain or arthritis, painful skin rashes
or bumps, eye irritation, the development of kidney stones, inflammation of the
lungs that can lead to difficulty breathing, or inflammation of the liver and
bile ducts that can cause primary sclerosis cholangitis. It is estimated that 1
million individuals in the United States have CD. CD is more common in individuals between
the ages of 13 to 30, have a family member with IBD, smoke cigarettes, or are
of Jewish descent. Complications of CD can include anemia, osteoporosis or
osteopenia, delayed growth and development, or malnutrition. Serious
complications can include intestinal obstruction, the formation of fistulas, or
the development of abscesses, anal fissures, or ulcers anywhere along the GI
tract. Individuals with CD are also more likely to develop CRC. There is no cure for CD, so the goal of treatment is to maintain
remission. Treatments may include medication with or without surgery.
Commonly
used medications for the treatment of CD are similar to those used for UC, and
can include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. However, not
all medications that treat UC can also be used to treat CD. Other medications
can include drugs to treat the symptoms, or complications, of the disease. Up
to 85% of individuals with CD will eventually require some form of
surgery to treat their symptoms or complications.
CLINICAL
TRIALS
VIVID-1
The safety
and efficacy of mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh), used for induction therapy for
individuals with CD, was evaluated in a phase III, multicenter, randomized,
double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study (NCT03926130). A total of
1065 individuals from the efficacy population with moderate to severely active
CD who had an inadequate response to, loss of response, or intolerance to
conventional or biologic therapy for CD were randomly assigned, in a 6:3:2
ratio, to one of three cohorts. Cohort 1 (n=579) received mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) IV
at weeks 0, 4, and 8, followed by treatment via the SC route every 4 weeks
starting at week 12 to week 52. Cohort 2 (n=287) received ustekinumab IV at week 0, followed by treatment via the SC route every 8 weeks starting at week 8 onwards. Cohort 3 (n=199) received placebo in
the same manner as the mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) cohort. At week 12, individuals
in Cohort 3 who did respond to placebo, continued on placebo every 4 weeks. At
week 12, individuals in Cohort 3 who did not respond to placebo were switched
to the mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) regimen starting
with three IV doses every 4 weeks followed by SC doses every 4 weeks onwards and
their results were included in composite endpoints of individuals who received
mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh). A total of 80 of 199 participants in Cohort 3 were
switched to treatment with mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh). The coprimary endpoints were 1) the percentage of participants who achieved clinical response at week
12 and endoscopic response at week 52, and 2) the percentage of participants who
achieved clinical response at week 12 and clinical remission at week 52. Key
secondary endpoints included endoscopic response at week 12,
corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 52, and endoscopic remission at week
52. These endpoints were assessed in Cohort 1 and Cohort 3. A separate
noninferiority endpoint, comparing individuals in Cohort 1 with Cohort 2,
assessed clinical remission by CD activity index (CDAI) at week
52. A separate superiority endpoint, comparing individuals in Cohort 1 to
Cohort 2, assessed endoscopic response at 52 weeks.
At week 12, 409 of 579 (70.6%) of participants in
Cohort 1 versus 103 of 199 (51.8%) of participants in Cohort 3 experienced
clinical response (difference, 18.9% [99.5% CI, 7.5–30.3]; P<0.0001). At week 52, 280 of 579 (48.4%) of
participants in Cohort 1 versus 18 of 199 (9%) of participants in Cohort 3
experienced endoscopic response (difference, 39.1% [99.5% CI, 31.0–47.2]; P<0.0001). At week 52, 313 of 579 (54.1%) of participants in Cohort
1 versus 39 of 199 (19.6%) of participants in Cohort 3 experienced clinical
remission by CDAI (difference, 34.6% [99.5% CI, 24.7–44.4];
P<0.0001). At week 12, 188 of 579 (32.5%) of participants in Cohort 1
versus 25 of 199 (12.6%) of participants in Cohort 3 achieved endoscopic
response (difference, 19.7% [99.5% CI, 11.1–28.2]; P<0.0001).
By week 52, 253 of 579 (43.7%) of participants in Cohort 1 versus 37 of 199
(18.6%) of participants in Cohort 3 achieved corticosteroid-free
clinical remission (difference, 25.0% [99.5% CI, 15.2–34.7];
P<0.0001). At week 52, 95 of 579 (15.9%) of participants in Cohort 1
versus four of 199 (2.0%) of participants in Cohort 3 achieved endoscopic remission
(difference, 13.8% [99.5% CI, 8.7–18.9]; P<0.0001). For the
noninferiority endpoint, 313 of 579 (54.1%) of participants in Cohort 1
versus 139 of 287 (48.4%) of participants in Cohort 2 achieved clinical
remission by CDQI by week 52 (difference, 5.7% [95% CI, −1.4 to
12.8]. For the superiority endpoint, 280 of 579 (48.4%) of participants in
Cohort 1 versus 133 of 287 (46.3%) of participants in Cohort 2 achieved
endoscopic response at week 52 (difference, 2.3% [95% CI, −4.7 to
9.3]; P=0.51). In the safety population (n=1150) of all participants who
received at least one dose of the randomized treatment, most adverse event rates
were higher in the Cohort 3 than in Cohort 1. Exceptions of interest were
injection site reactions (65/630 [10.8%] vs 7/211 [6.5%]),
hypersensitivity reactions (50/630 [7.9%] vs 11/211 [5.2%]),
and opportunistic infections (7/630 [1.1%] vs 0/211 [0%])
when comparing Cohort 3 to Cohort 1. There were three deaths in
participants in the clinical trial: one individual in Cohort 3 due to a
pulmonary embolism, one individual in Cohort 3 who was switched to treatment
with mirikizumab-mrkz (Omvoh) due to disease worsening, and one individual in
Cohort 2 due to Escherichia coli sepsis; none were considered to be caused by the study drug or the clinical trial.
OFF-LABEL INDICATIONS
There may be additional indications contained in the Policy section of this document due to evaluation of criteria highlighted in the Company's off-label policy, and/or review of clinical guidelines issued by leading professional organizations and government entities.